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41.
"Strong column with weak beam","strong beam with weak column" and"column & beam with equal strength"can be existed in one-storey prestressed concrete frames and the top storey of mult-storey prestressed concrete frames.Through the test of four prestressed concrete frames under vertical load,three kinds of prestressed concrete frames performances are studied,such as ultimate load,deflection,displacement ductility,redistribution of internal force.When the relative height of equivalent compression zone is smaller enough,the test proves that three kinds of prestressed concrete frames can realize full redistribution of internal force and have better displacement ductility,the width of cracks and deflections can satisfy the rules of code for design of concrete structures. 相似文献
42.
By the experimental study on a full-dimensioned prestressed frame of two spans, the relative factors are analyzed such as relative height of equivalent compression zone in critical section, secondary moment, ratio of beam rigidity to column and development of cracks in the top of columns etc., which influence the moment distribution of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete frame from the side of internal force redistribution. It is believed that that the factors of relative height of concrete equivalent compression zone and secondary moment influence the moment modulation in most degree, and ratio of column rigidity to beam also plays a part in the moment modulation to some extent. Second, the plastic joints of frame with excessive spans exit in the span which endure the whole load, at last the whole frame is destroyed because of the destruction of the loading frame, the influence to the non-loading span is little. 相似文献
43.
封山育林形成了安徽省的天然次生林,主要有常绿针叶林、针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林、落叶常绿阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林5种主要类型。天然次生林经营管理目标以"分类经营"、"近自然林业"和"多种效益"为理论,实现以保护为主,适度开发利用的可持续发展;经营管理原则是分类经营、合理地进行人为干扰、生物多样性保护;通过野外调查,对经营目标、原则进行综合分析、统筹决策,制定出合理的经营方案再根据次生林的类型和经营目标的不同,采取不同的经营管理技术。 相似文献
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帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳储量研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
运用森林生态学典型样地法设立标准地并获取野外数据,采用重铬酸钾-硫酸氧化湿烧法测定植物、土壤中的碳。通过对帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳素密度及储量的比较研究,结果表明:1)天然次生林主要树种不同器官中碳素密度变化范围在0.331 6~0.501 4 gc/g之间,枯立木、林下植被、枯枝落叶和半分解的有机残体(A00层)各层的碳素密度差异不大,土壤各层的碳素密度的排列顺序为腐殖质(A0层)>表土层(A层)>亚表土层(B层)。2)硬阔叶林生态系统总的碳储量为261.31 tc/hm2,山杨林生态系统总的碳储量为195.20 tc/hm2,蒙古栎林生态系统总的碳储量为196.41 tc/hm2,白桦林生态系统总的碳储量为143.18tc/hm2。3)天然次生林年平均净碳固定量为4.647tc/hm2.a。 相似文献
46.
帽儿山地区是东北东部山区较典型的天然次生林区。本文利用ARC/INFO软件,对帽儿山林场景观类型最小距离指数和景观连接度指数进行分析,进而对帽儿山林场各景观类型的空间分布规律进行了探讨。结果表明:有林地与无林地的景观连接度有明显差异,无林地的景观连接度普遍大于有林地;天然林的景观连接度都接近于O,景观破碎化程度较高。人工林的最小距离指数低于天然林和非林地;人工林中,人工针叶混交林的距离指数最小,格局接近于团聚分布;天然林的景观格局近于随机分布;非林地中,采伐迹地的距离指数最小,接近于团聚分布。图2参15。 相似文献
47.
WANG Qing-kui WANG Si-long 《林业研究》2006,17(3):197-200
Conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is a common management practice in subtropical China. In this study, we compared soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass in one natural secondary broad-leaved forest and two C. lanceolata plantation sites to estimate the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial biomass at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4^+-N and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were much lower under C. lanceolata plantations as compared to natural secondary broad-leaved forest. Soil microbial biomass C in the first and second rotation of C. lanceolata plantations was only 53%, 46% of that in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and microbial biomass N was 97% and 79%, respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass C to soil organic C was also lower in the plantation sites. However, the contribution of microbial N to total nitrogen and NH4^+-N was greater in the C. lanceolata plantation sites. Therefore, conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to C. lanceolata plantation and continuous planting of C. lanceolata led to the decline in soil microbial biomass and the degradation of forest soil in subtropical China. 相似文献
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二次纤维酶水解生成葡萄糖的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将回收的废纸脱墨、洗净即为二次纤维。脱去其中的木质素和半纤维素,得纤维素,用纤维素酶水解生成葡萄糖。对温度、pH值、酶用量、时间分别进行单因素试验,通过测定水解液葡萄糖含量,找出水解的适宜条件:温度45℃,pH值4.8,酶用量8IU/g(对绝干原料),产率可达60%以上。 相似文献
50.
Traditional fallow systems of Latin America have not been extensively studied from either a socioeconomic or biophysical viewpoint. Only in the past decade have some of these systems — modified shifting cultivation in the Amazon, the bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella) fallow of southeastern Brazil, the babassu (Attalea spp.) system of the Amazon margins, and short bush fallows mostly for Phaseolus bean (the so-called frijol tapado) — received any attention. Over the past century, traditional cultivators have adopted several legumes such as Mucuna spp., Lathyrus nigrivalis, Canavalia spp., and Senna guatemalensis as green manures or managed fallows in food crop production systems, which have recently been the object of studies by social and biological scientists. Longer, monospecific fallows involving woody legumes have been studied to varying degrees. The legumes include Senna guatemalensis, Mimosa tenuiflora, and Gliricidia sepium. Systems in which crop production is alternated with animal grazing of secondary vegetation include the caatinga of Northeast Brazil, the espinales of Chile, the matorrales of northern Mexico, and the chaco of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. A classification is proposed depending on the nature of the species (woody or nonwoody) and their composition (mono- or multispecies) and land management (burned or not). Much work is still needed in more complete characterization, determination of economic importance and potential, understanding the relationships among components, studies of nutrient cycling, and verification of the effects of shorter fallow periods of these systems.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献